US Middle East envoy George Mitchell is expected to call on Israel to halt new settlement construction, in a meeting with Israeli PM Benjamin Netanyahu.
Mr Mitchell earlier said such difficult choices would need to be made, as he continues a US push seeking a comprehensive Middle East peace deal.
Mr Netanyahu has previously rejected a freeze on settlement building, saying "natural growth" must be allowed.
Settlement building has been a major block to peace with the Palestinians.
Mr Mitchell is one of several senior US officials visiting the Middle East trying to push the key players to take meaningful steps towards a comprehensive regional peace settlement.
US Defence Secretary Robert Gates has arrived in Baghdad after talks in Israel with officials there on Iran and its nuclear programme.
President Barack Obama’s National Security Adviser James Jones and veteran diplomat Dennis Ross are also to arrive in the region to join the diplomatic offensive.
‘Roadmap obligations’
In earlier meetings in the region, Mr Mitchell urged Israelis and Palestinians to make the difficult choices needed for peace.
He told Israeli President Shimon Peres on Monday that Israel could improve the climate by "dealing with difficult issues like settlements and outposts".
US-Israeli relations have become strained since President Obama demanded a halt to all Israeli settlement building in the occupied West Bank.
All settlements are illegal under international law, though Israel disputes this. Israel has settled more than 450,000 Jews in the occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem.
US DIPLOMATIC DIARY
- Special envoy to the Middle East George Mitchell (to Syria, Israel, Palestinian Territories, Egypt, Bahrain)
- Defence Secretary Robert Gates (to Israel, Jordan)
- National Security Adviser James Jones (to Israel)
- Envoy to the Gulf states Dennis Ross (to Israel)
Profile: George Mitchell
Israel downplays settlement rift
Although the Israelis are reluctant to agree to demands that they stop settlement building, there may be a compromise brewing whereby the Israelis agree to finish the building of 2,000 new apartments a short distance inside the West Bank, but freeze all other construction.
However, the Palestinians have said nothing short of a complete and immediate end to settlement building will do. They have refused to meet their Israeli counterparts until settlement activity ceases.
Palestinian negotiator Saeb Erakat accused Israel of failing "to fulfill any of its roadmap obligations, including a settlement freeze, the reopening of Palestinian institutions in East Jerusalem, removal of outposts, the release of Palestinian prisoners", reports AFP news agency.
He spoke late on Monday after a meeting between Mr Mitchell and Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas in the West Bank town of Ramallah.
Earlier in the day Mr Mitchell met President Hosni Mubarak in Cairo – a day earlier than initially scheduled, apparently at Mr Mubarak’s request.
The Egyptians are currently brokering reconciliation talks between the deeply divided Palestinian factions of Fatah and Hamas.
Despite several rounds of talks, the two Palestinian factions are still at odds on the most sensitive issues, such as the shape of a future unity government, the remit of the joint security force and the system that would be implemented for any upcoming elections.
Iran options
Relations with Iran have also been on the agenda, with the US pushing for a response to earlier overtures.
Shortly after coming to office in January, Mr Obama said if Iran and countries like it were "willing to unclench their fists, they will find an extended hand from us".
On Monday, Defence Secretary Gates said the US offer to Iran was "not open-ended", echoing comments by US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton earlier this month.
Mr Obama was hoping for a response by the time of the UN General Assembly in September, Mr Gates added.
His Israeli counterpart Ehud Barak indicated that military action remained an option on Iran, following talks with Mr Gates in Jerusalem. But he added that "priority should be given still to diplomacy and sanctions".
Israel says Iran’s alleged nuclear ambitions remain its number-one concern and in recent weeks the US has expressed dismay about Iran’s suppression of protests over disputed presidential elections.
Iran denies claims it wants to build nuclear weapons, saying it is enriching uranium for a civilian energy programme.
Mr Gates later held talks with Prime Minister Netanyahu. The Israeli leader’s office said in a statement that he had emphasised the need to use "all available means" to prevent Iran developing nuclear weapons.
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