Asking Pakistan to fulfil its assurances of disbanding the terror infrastructure on its soil, India Tuesday said it was willing to go “more than half the way” to hold peace talks with the neighbour but terrorism could “not be shoved” under the carpet External Affairs Minister S.M. Krishna, during an interaction with visiting journalists from [...]
Posts Tagged ‘eastern European’
Terror can’t be ignored for friendly ties with Pakistan: Krishna
Serbian film wins at German festival
Oleg Novković’s “White, White World” is the winner of the Cottbus Festival of Eastern European Film, the festival organizer stated on Sunday. Director Novković and producer Uliks Fehmiu won the award for a daring depiction of the everyday anguish experienced by the character of an outsider, the festival stated in Cottbus on Sunday.
The 18 Worst Comic Movies Of All Time
These days we’re pretty spoiled. Good comic movies like Iron Man and The Dark Knight outnumber the bad ones, but for years, every single movie that came from the drawn page was horrible. There were few that were even watchable, and they usually tried to hide their four-color roots. So how bad were they? Well, [...]
China Becoming Target of Credit Default Swaps
As I noted on May 5th, France is in more trouble than most realize.And as I (and many others) have pointed out, China isn’t necessarily the unstoppable powerhouse that people assume.Today, Tyler Durden reported on a startling development: This week’s D…
Mel Gibson Cheated On Pregnant Baby Mama With Polish Porn Queen
You can add OctoMel to the brigade of Hollywood dirtbags who can’t keep their peens in pocket. According to the May 17 edition of The National Enquirer, Oscar-winning actor Mel Gibson cheated on his then-pregnant fiancee Oksana Grigorieva with a Polish porn producer — and the chatty blonde believes her 3-month tryst with the alleged [...]
Steve Carell Tina Fey Reteam For “Mail Order Groomâ€
Tina Fey and Steve Carell are already eyeing a second joint venture, Mail-Order Groom, on the heels of the success of their new comedy Date Night.Warner Bros. is developing the silver screen side-splitter — co-written by Fey’s real-life husband, 30 Rock co-executive producer Jeff Richmond — about a lonely American woman who orders an Eastern [...]
Galactic: A Long Time Coming
By: Wesley Hodges
Galactic |
These are epic times to be in New Orleans, and that may be the understatement of the young decade. Although Carnival season officially got under way in early January, the full-bore pandemonium that generally commences the last week leading up to Mardi Gras Day got a considerably early start this year as the Saints finally ascended to the pantheon of NFL glory, winning their first Super Bowl in the franchise’s 43-year history.
“It’s been a long time coming,” says Galactic keyboard player Rich Vogel, a comment applying to his band’s new album, Ya-Ka-May (released February 9 on Anti Records – stream it on JamBase), and the general feeling of a brighter tomorrow for New Orleans. “[The Saints have] had a lot of good seasons since Katrina and it’s been almost like something’s been building that’s strong, and I think it’s a great metaphor for the city.”
Now, the time has come to celebrate that achievement and Ya-Ka-May is an excellent soundtrack for fans of the “overgrown rhythm section.” With a colorful parade of very special guests like Allen Toussaint, Trombone Shorty, Rebirth Brass Band, Big Chief Bo Dollis, Walter ‘Wolfman’ Washington and Irma Thomas, the album picks up where 2007′s rap-centric From the Corner to the Block left off, providing the rest of the world with insight into not just Galactic’s ongoing progression but also the city’s revitalized music scene as well.
JamBase: Looking at the track listing and the names of all the special guests, this album feels like it’s been a long time coming for Galactic. How was this album finally conceptualized and eventually conceived?
Rich Vogel: It actually has been a long time coming. I think it’s an album we’ve kind of wanted to make for a while. There were some tracks on the last record that kind of hinted at and pointed the way towards this record; I’m thinking of some of the instrumentals that have brass players. On From the Corner to the Block we had Soul Rebels Brass Band on a track, we had Monk Boudreaux [and the] Mardi Gras Indian Chiefs, and those tracks were kind of pointing the way towards this one. It was an album we’ve always wanted to make to get some of the NOLA artists we’ve loved and admired over the years like Allen Toussaint and Irma Thomas. Having done this for many years, we’ve bumped into everyone and gotten to know them. We’re at the stage in our career where we can say, “Let’s call Allen Toussaint,” and he might actually call us back [laughs]. So, we started doing that and one thing led to another and we were so pleased that he came over to our studio one day and listened to a few of our tracks and took them home and wrote some fantastic songs. With Irma Thomas, she came by and we had a tune in mind for her, and she went and learned it and came by and cut her vocals.
At the same time, we wanted to get some [artists] that some people don’t know outside of New Orleans at all and kind of bring in some of the talent from the people just playing in the clubs; artists who are famous on the local level and are a part of the late night musical party, which is New Orleans on an almost nightly basis. We wanted to do that and mix it all up in a way that hopefully made sense. I don’t know if we were really trying to make a specific point. This is all New Orleans music and we wanted to show the city the way we see it.
JamBase: It’s an interesting cross-section of artists you guys were able to work with. Was there any kind of formula as far as crafting these songs with the artists, or did it just depend on the artists and what they arrived to the studio with?
Galactic :: 02.07.10 :: Brooklyn, NY by Dino Perrucci |
Rich Vogel: Yeah, it was definitely a case-by-case basis, for sure. A guy like Allen Toussaint, who is the consummate songwriter, we’d have these little demo tracks we liked with a groove and a change and could form the basis for a verse and a chorus, but they were instrumental ditties essentially. We had a couple of these that made us think of him, so he came by and listened to them and was into it. He actually took them home and wrote songs in a more classic sense – wrote lyrics, sung harmonies. It was the kind of thing you would expect an experienced songwriter and arranger like Allen Toussaint to do. On the flip side, we’d have some of the rappers come by and just roll with a rhythm track we’d made and spit as much as they wanted to, sort of a stream-of-consciousness thing like they like to do in the clubs. Then, we’d mix it down, kind of distill it into something we thought was hook-y, find what we thought was the best verse material and sort of build the track up that way. The whole project was a very collaborative effort. It was just amazing to see the parade of people we saw go through our studio over the past year. It was covering a lot of ground, but to us it made sense because it was all New Orleans music with good energy and groove to it. Everybody, even the classic artists, go back to the same thing of playing the clubs, parties and entertaining the party people. It’s really the common denominator that binds us as artists down here. Playing the clubs until the wee hours you gotta keep the party going.
It had to be surreal to send a guy like Allen Toussaint home with one of your tracks. It seems to play in really well with the collaborating you guys do out on the road and especially at festivals.
Absolutely, we’ve always liked to collaborate, because Galactic is, in a sense an overgrown rhythm section. We love collaborating with people we think are special songwriters or people we think have an interesting vocal element.
What is Ya-Ka-May?
We hyphenated to make it kind of look like “Look-Ka Py Py,” the old Meters song, which is just an old Mardi Gras Indian term. “Ya-Ka-May” is kind of an alternate pronunciation of a noodle dish we have in New Orleans called Ya Ka Mein that they serve at the corner store or at the second-line. Somehow that led us to Ya-Ka-May, which we thought was cool.
How is it different to tour in support of an album than to just be out there in the grind?
It’s more fun and exciting because we have to challenge ourselves. We make a record like this and we haven’t really performed this material. All we’re doing this week is meeting in the studio, hashing it out and figuring out how we’re gonna play this [material]. We’re lucky we’re gonna have Cyril Neville with us, and he can sing just about anything you ask him to. So, we’re gonna work some of the tunes up with him, and we can kind of cover the brass-y stuff because we’ll have Corey Henry. I can play some of the horns stuff on the keys and cover that angle of it on tracks like “Boe Money” and “Cineramascope.” It’s great when you have a new thing to present, new music to play. Sometimes the challenge is good and intimidating when you realize, “I overdubbed four keyboards here,” and you have to figure out how to play it.
Continue reading for more on Galactic…
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I feel very blessed having just moved to New Orleans in late July. It seems like such an exceptional time to be here now with Mardi Gras season under way, the Saints having their best season ever, and each day getting further away from the mess of Katrina. How would you describe the energy of the city right now compared to the last few years?
Galactic |
It’s definitely at a high point, we had a couple of shitty years there; there’s no two ways about it. I think that’s why people are particularly enjoying things and are fired up and getting pumped about the Saints. Now we’re moving into Carnival season and with each passing year getting further from the past, things slowly do get better, things get rebuilt. It’s felt like a slow crawl at times. I live in Mid-City, an area that was pretty devastated, and I think about what it was like in ’06 and I just think, “Man, life is good.” You just got to appreciate the little things, things you used to take for granted.
Give me a few artists outside of the jazz, funk and New Orleans style that you guys listen to out on the road.
Ben [Ellman - sax] has us listen to a lot more Balkan and Eastern European music than I would have otherwise. He loves blending that stuff with New Orleans music. I listen to a good deal of classical music when I’m home. It gives me a complete departure into a different world. I’ve always had an interest [in it] on and off. I studied it a little before all my road days.
What have been a few of your favorite moments performing over the last several years as a band here in New Orleans?
Any Jazz Fest; I love that one! First of all, I live near the Fairgrounds, so I get up, have breakfast, walk over, get to play in front of 60,000 people, look out over the Fairgrounds on a beautiful day, go get a soft-shell crab po-boy and walk home.
So, that almost resembles a normal job for you on a day like that?
Yeah [laughs]. When you have a moment like that, you’re kind of like, “My job is kinda cool and conveniently located.” I kind of miss some of those theatre shows at some of the places that didn’t come back because of Katrina, places like The Saenger or The State. I remember the circus [show] we did when we played Bolero, with acrobats performing on and above the stage with trapeze artists. That was a memorable one. There have been so many really.
Try to explain Mardi Gras to people who’ve never been a part of it. How is music incorporated into the whole celebration?
Galactic |
Wow, that’s a good question. There are books upon books about that. Mardi Gras comes out of the Carnival tradition and is celebrated in the Catholic traditions and a lot in the Latin American world, and serves as a sort of blowout before the Lenten season when you’re supposed to live this life of sacrifice. Of course, Fat Tuesday is Mardi Gras Day and ends the season. Mardi Gras goes way back and New Orleans has a lot of ties to the French and Spanish culture and has those Catholic ties that you don’t see in a lot of the more Anglo-Protestant areas of the country. So, that’s kind of why it’s celebrated here.
The thing about Mardi Gras that I try to explain to people is that there are many Mardi Gras depending on who you’re with and where you go. A lot of people think Mardi Gras is just Bourbon Street and people flashing, and that’s definitely one part of it. That’s something when you’re in college and you come down here that you tend to gravitate towards. But, there are a lot of rich, local traditions with the Krewes [and] debutante balls. Then there are the Mardi Gras Indians who go out and parade early on Mardi Gras Day. You’re talking about guys that make these incredibly elaborate, beautiful headdresses getting ready for this day. You think about New Orleans and partying late night for the most part, but on Mardi Gras Day it’s really about the daytime celebration. It’s an incredible party to see if you end up at the right place at the right time. Everybody’s out in the streets from Uptown to Downtown. There’s an Uptown vibe that’s a little more family-oriented and Downtown it’s a little grittier, with people partying very hard and less children. It’s a huge day of celebration with people everywhere making the most of the day and getting their yee-haws out, if you’re a good Catholic, which I’m not… but I pretend that I am.
What has the Saints’ success meant to the overall morale of this city?
It’s just thrilling for the team to go to the Super Bowl. It’s been a lot of fun for a lot of people. It’s been fun to watch it build and progress. We’ve all been working hard and it’s nice for everyone to see something built [in New Orleans] that is very successful. Also, the lifelong fans have grown quite cynical through the years from their days wearing bags over their heads.
I’m not from here and I root for the enemy, but it’s hard not to take a liking to a team with such a blue-collar feel with stars like Marques Colston, who seemingly came out of nowhere to help lead the team to the Promised Land.
Yeah, guys like Drew Brees, who’s not just a great QB but also a great citizen in the way he’s embraced the town and given back, and his story of coming here to play and adopting the city as his home [has] been really special. Brees is gonna be the King of Bacchus, he’s kind of god in this city and he can do no wrong.
Galactic Tour Dates :: Galactic News :: Galactic Concert Reviews
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The brighter side
Bad debts are peaking and pay falling at Europe’s banks
TWO YEARS ago banks began to include in their results announcements tables meant to show that their exposure to toxic securities was under control. The crisis has moved on: now one European financial firm’s presentation includes a slide that pleads, “limited exposure to sovereign debt [of] Portugal, Ireland, Greece and Spain”. Yet whatever Europe’s macroeconomic woes, there is actually a more optimistic picture emerging from its lenders. While the view of some forecasters, including the IMF, has been that European banks were sitting on a bad debt time-bomb, the evidence from fourth-quarter results is that the pace at which loans are souring has peaked.
Many of the big firms that had reported full year results by Wednesday February 17th, including BNP Paribas, showed a sequential quarterly decline in bad-debt provisions. Even for those that did not, for example Britain’s Barclays, bad-debt charges came in lower than expected. In almost all cases banks’ bosses made soothing sounds about bad debts reaching a peak in 2009. This picture even appears to extend to the dodgiest corner of banks’ loan books: eastern Europe. Bad-debt charges there remain high. But from Belgium’s KBC to the banks of Sweden and Norway, most firms active in the region hinted that the pace at which loans are turning sour is slowing, even if there is still a big stock of rubbish to clean up. If these suggestions are correct, then overall loss rates on eastern European loans will be far below the 10% or so the IMF projected during the depths of the crisis last year. …
Better say nothing
The minefield of writing about Poland
POLAND is the largest and most successful of the eastern European countries. A safe enough statement? Probably not. Someone will immediately start quibbling that “eastern” Europe doesn’t exist. That will start a long argument about whether “east central Europe” or “central Europe” is the best way of describing the ex-communist region (at which point someone else will chip in and say that the term “ex-communist” is anachronistic). “Largest” is dodgy too—not least because it may prompt a discussion about the fragile and tragic foundations of Poland’s eastern and western frontiers. Ukrainians and Russians will be quick to ask, justifiably, why they have been excluded from this notional category.
Most dangerous of all is to praise the achievements of Poland’s current government, as this newspaper did recently (see article). Clearly, some readers said, the author of such an article has never been to Poland. Otherwise he would know that a small and coincidental spurt of economic growth does not make up for pervasive corruption, ineffective administration of justice, two-tier public services and a cartel-like political system in which insiders feast (literally) and outsiders starve (metaphorically). Any possibly praiseworthy reforms are either superficial and belated, or else were introduced by the previous government. …
Gogol Bordello | 12.19.09 | Tel Aviv
Words by: Kevin Schwartzbach | Images by: Goni Riskin
Gogol Bordello :: 12.19.09 :: Hangar 11 :: Tel Aviv, Israel
Eugene Hutz :: 12.19 :: Tel Aviv |
In many ways, Israel is the perfect place for Gogol Bordello. A mix of punk rock and Eastern European gypsy music with a tinge of other multi-ethnic flavors, their music mirrors the diverse heritage woven into the fabric of Israeli society, heavy with immigrants from Eastern Europe and North America, but indeed also from all over the world. Made up of a Ukrainian, two Russians, a Scot of Chinese descent, an American, an Ethiopian, an Ecuadorian, and well, an Israeli, the members of Gogol Bordello might as well have been pulled off any random public bus recklessly surging through downtown Tel Aviv. The manic theatricality with which flamboyant frontman Eugene Hutz conducts their shows is reminiscent of an army drill, something to which all Israelis can relate (given their requisite army service). The stage performance these guys put on certainly requires the strength and endurance of a solider, constantly running around the stage and engaging in circus-like tomfoolery.
Outside Hangar 11 on a balmy December night in Tel Aviv, the Israeli versions of punks and miscellaneous hip youths gathered – a curious phenomenon one might think given that Israel is thousands of miles away from punk rock’s birthplace, situated in a part of the world that often tends to harbor a less than amicable attitude towards Western culture. A country built upon immigration, Israel actually represents what is likely the strongest enclave of Western culture in the Middle East. Despite a plain influence from regional Arab/Middle Eastern cultures, virtually any contemporary cultural movement found across Europe or North America, from punk rockers to hippies, has its Israeli analogue. Tragically, geographical inconvenience essentially isolates Israel from the iconic figures that comprise the culture that much of the country has so readily absorbed. So, when a band the likes of Gogol Bordello made its way to Israel for only the second time in six years, the punk rockers came out in droves.
Gogol Bordello :: 12.19 :: Tel Aviv |
Inside Hangar 11′s cavernous hall the floor was already packed for opening act Boom Pam, a hometown favorite. This Israeli trio really reflects Israeli culture, synthesizing Western influences and local spiciness, combining punk and surf music with Middle Eastern and Mediterranean music. I caught the tail end just in time to see Uri Brauner Kinrot wailing away on his guitar, crooning raspy Hebrew words while Yuval Zolotov held down a steady bass line on his tuba.
Gogol’s Oren Kaplan (guitar, backing vocals) emerged to applause from his countrymen, leading the rhythm section out onto the stage. Sergey Ryabtsev riled up the crowd with violent slashes on his electric violin, rapidly traversing the stage with fellow Ruski comrade Yuri Lemeshev, who conjured up images of the old country with squeezes of his bellowing accordion. Dressed like an outlaw rebel commander, complete with idiosyncratic mustache, Hutz ran onto the stage, acoustic guitar in hand.
Few musicians possess the stage presence Eugene Hutz (born Evgeny Aleksandrovitch Nikolaev Simonov) does. Onstage, this guy just oozes personality. The mastermind behind most of the band’s music, he really brings it to life in a live setting, accompanying their energetic music with an in-your-face punk attitude topped off with frantic gypsy ravings and dance moves – like Johnny Rotten meets Michael Jackson on borscht.
Eugene Hutz :: 12.19 :: Tel Aviv |
“If we are here not to do/ What you and I wanna do/ And forever go crazy/ Why the hell are we even here?” yelled Hutz in his thick Ukrainian accent – a point from their latest release Super Taranta‘s opening song “Ultimate” that the crowd took to heart, immediately going crazy in the mosh-pit. The band meanwhile wasn’t wasting anytime getting down to business, ending each song with the beginning of the next. “Drop the charges, man,” yelled out Thomas Gobena (bass, backing vocals) in the last seconds of “Sally” as the rest of the band crash-landed into “Not a Crime,” their not so subtle anti-drug-law anthem, inciting a cheer from the audience (JamBase readers will be pleased to hear of the relatively “420″-friendly attitude of most Israeli youths). In between choruses, Hutz and his crew haplessly rushed about the stage in all directions playing a game of musical microphones, each barely reaching a different mic just in time to yell out, “Not a crime!” Watching Lemeshev lug around his squeezebox in transit with a rapturous grin pointed at the crowd had a Yakov Smirnoff-like comedic aspect to it (in Soviet Russia, accordion lugs you!).
Pedro Erazo (percussion, MC) and Elizabeth Sun (dancer, backing vocals, general randomness) only added to Gogol Bordello’s already spectacular showmanship. From time to time Erazo relinquished his collection of toys at the back of the stage to rap for us while Sun pranced around banging cymbals together, changing outfits throughout the night.
A trio of “Through The Roof N’ Underground”, “Start Wearing Purple” and “Think Locally, Fuck Globally” came out, consecutively and seamlessly, each more energetic than the last, to end the show on a high note. The more hectic the music got the more the mosh-pit reciprocated, its boisterousness rippling throughout the whole crowd. One last trick up his sleeve, Hutz brought out the fire bucket, beating out fairly impressive drum fills on its tinny bottom.
A solitary Hutz returned to the stage to start the encore, dazzling us with a gypsy guitar solo, while providing his own percussion. Switching gears, he sang the lamenting “Alcohol” while Ryabtsev, plucking soulfully, and Lemeshev jauntily strolled back out. Slowly but surely the rest of the band returned. “Indestructible” gave us one final taste of what this band is truly made of.
There is a core and it’s hardcore
All is hardcore when made with love
Love is a voice of a savage soul
This savage love is
Undestructable
“Undestructable!” repeated the band and audience in unison at the top of their lungs while Erazo surfed the crowd on his bass drum until he dove headfirst into awaiting hands. Gogol Bordello may hail from all over the world but what irrevocably links the members is an indestructible bond – at heart they are all punk rockers. And like true punk rockers, these guys put absolutely everything on the table, leaving us with a sense of savage love. Dripping sweat, ears bleeding, I took that feeling home with me and bottled it. Israel, this little cultural island, won’t be seeing the likes of Gogol Bordello again for quite some time.
Continue reading for more pics of Gogol Bordello in Israel…
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JamBase | Tel Aviv
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EU officials: SAA should be ratified
EU senior officials for foreign policies and enlargement, Catherine Ashton and Stefan Fule, said that the integration of the Western Balkans must be supported. Ashton, who is the EU official for EU foreign and security policies, and Fule, the European Commissioner for policies towards new member-states and cooperation with Eastern European neighbors of the Union, stated that the integration of this region must be sped up.
Ascott opens serviced residence in Tbilisi, Georgia
CapitaLand’s wholly-owned serviced residence business unit, The Ascott Limited, is marking its entry into the Eastern European market with the opening of Citadines Tbilisi Freedom Square in Tbilisi, Georgia, the first international serviced residence in the country.
Copenhagen Framework Demands Huge Amounts of Spending, But Allows Enron-Style Accounting Tricks So That Carbon Isn’t Actually Reduced
The UN and other agencies calling for a war on global warming say the price tag will be trillions.But – according to top experts on climate and cap and trade – the regulatory framework being rammed through in America and internationally won’t actually…
Say “aaaarrrghhhh”!
Which countries’ children have the worst teeth?
FOR many people, a trip to the dentist still evokes unpleasant childhood memories of big needles and screeching drills. And judging by data from an OECD report, “Health at a glance”, released on Tuesday December 8th, eastern European adults will be having nightmares for years to come. Polish children have the worst teeth in any OECD country; a 12 year old has nearly four teeth that are missing, decayed or have a filling. American adults are renowned for having perfect sets of pearly whites, but each child has one decayed or missing tooth. Britain’s children (along with Germany’s) have the healthiest teeth, if not the straighest or whitest in later life.
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The week ahead
Finding a president and a foreign-policy chief for Europe, at last
• THE European Union at last holds a special summit on Thursday November 19th to select a president and foreign-policy supremo. The block’s first big decision resulting from the long-delayed adoption of the Lisbon treaty, which is supposed to make the EU more open and accountable, will be taken in secret by the leaders of 27 member states over dinner in Brussels. No consensus has emerged. Tony Blair, once a firm favourite for the president’s job, has drifted in the betting. Scandinavian and Eastern European countries may oppose a Franco-German stitch-up. Massimo D’Alema, one of Italy’s legion of former prime ministers, is the current favourite for the foreign-policy post. See article
• BARACK OBAMA’S trip around Asia takes him to China for a meeting with the country’s president, Hu Jintao, on Tuesday November 17th. Mr Obama holds talks with Wen Jiabao, China’s prime minister, the day after. He has described China’s role as a “strategic partner” in efforts to tackle global problems, such as the economic crisis, climate change and nuclear proliferation. Mr Obama is then set to visit South Korea on Wednesday November 18th for a meeting with the president, Lee Myung-bak, where discussions are likely to touch on North Korea’s nuclear ambitions. See article …
Cutting red tape
Where pro-business reform has been fastest
THE World Bank’s annual report tracking changes to regulations that affect business suggests that governments have handled the global economic storm well. In the year since June 2008, 131 countries introduced 287 pro-business reforms—20% more than in the previous 12 months and more than in any year since the World Bank started the survey in 2004. Poorer economies accounted for two-thirds of the action, with Rwanda turning out to be the world’s champion reformer—the first time a sub-Saharan country has claimed the prize. Eastern European and Central Asian countries were the most energetic reformers by region for the sixth year in a row while Middle Eastern and North African countries were not far behind. But businesses in low-income countries still struggle with twice the burden of regulation as those in high-income countries. Developed countries have an average of ten times as many newly registered businesses for every adult as countries in Africa and the Middle East.
…
Polish anti-Marxist thinker dies
By Adam Easton
BBC News, Warsaw

The Polish philosopher and historian of ideas, Leszek Kolakowski has died in hospital in Oxford, England. He was 81.
One of the few 20th Century eastern European thinkers to gain international renown, he spent almost half of his life in exile from his native country.
He argued that the cruelties of Stalinism were not an aberration, but the logical conclusion of Marxism.
MPs in Warsaw observed a minute’s silence to remember his contribution to a free and democratic Poland.
Leszek Kolakowski was born in Radom, Poland, 12 years before the outbreak of the World War II.
Under the Nazi occupation of Poland school classes were banned so he taught himself foreign languages and literature.
He even systematically read through an incomplete encyclopaedia he found.
He once said he knew everything under the letters, A, D and E, but nothing about the Bs and the Cs.
After the war he studied philosophy and became a professor. Seeing the destruction wrought by the Nazis in Poland he joined the Communist Party.
But he gradually became disillusioned and more daring in his criticism of the system. In 1966 he was expelled from the party and two years later he lost his job.
Seeking exile in the West, he eventually settled at Oxford’s All Souls college where he wrote his best-known work, the three-volume Main Currents of Marxism, considered by some to be one of the most important books on political theory of the 20th Century.
In the 1980s, from his base in Britain, he supported Poland’s pro-democracy Solidarity movement which overthrew communism in 1989.
For many of its leaders he was an icon. </p
This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.
Getting smarter

LJ Rich finds out how technology is becoming more sophisticated in being able to distinguish songs from another and analyse their relationships.
In 2002, Click visited mobile start up firm Shazam, who was already offering a music recognition service.
The idea was to use a mobile to send a snippet of music which would be matched to a million songs on the firm’s servers at the time.
The user would then receive a text message with the track’s name.
Andrew Fisher, Shazam’s chief executive, explained that the different sound waves make identification possible.
"Every vocal performance has a different sound wave," he explained, "so it’s being able to very quickly look at that pattern and compare it against the eight million songs we have on the database, make the match and bring the result back to the consumer in around about five to 10 seconds."
‘In tune’
For users without the original music to hand, tech firm Melodis has created a desktop and mobile application called Midomi that aims to work out a tune from the crudest of renditions.
When someone sings into a phone, for instance, the program works by listening to the basic melody going in; it does not matter whether a person is singing, humming or even playing an instrument.

Melodis chief executive Keyvan Mohajer said the key and tempo is also irrelevant.
"But you do have to be in tune, and provide us enough information, to be able to match the song," he explained.
For people near tone deaf, their singing attempts can also be matched to those of other vocally challenged people.
"If a song is not in our database, [you can] sing or hum that song and save your voice, then your voice becomes a fingerprint," said Mr Mohajer.
"Next time somebody searches for a song, you match their voice to your voice to find the song."
Musican DNA
But humans are still much better at musical matching than computers – for instance we can recognise a song even if it is played in a different way.
Computers are not so sophisticated yet, but there are projects aiming to break music down into their constituent building blocks or "musical DNA".
Pandora’s Music Genome Project has created a collection of music analysis by analysing the musical qualities of songs.
These have their musical DNA charted by humans who identify "musical chromosomes" such as twangy guitars or interesting horn arrangements.
Machines are then able to provide the user with recommendations based on the results, and hopefully to their musical taste.

Charting origins
In contrast, mHashup uses a purely automated approach to discover musical relationships among tracks, displayed in a visual interface.
Unlike Midomi, it also matches timbre, or sound-type, as well as other more subtle qualities.
This sometimes produces results which seem quirky, like fitting Schubert to a Shakespearean sonnet. The system matches African tribal songs against Eastern European yodelling because of their similar melody.
However, the system is useful tool for charting the origins of music around the globe.
Michela Magas, mHashup’s designer, said she was approached by some Hollywood composers who were keen to test their compositions against large libraries.
"When they compose and they come up with something which they find is very appropriate for the movie… they cannot tell whether it is something they heard when they were young or whether it’s truly original – and this is a big deal," she said.
Of course, most human ears do all of this without needing the kind of brute force analysis and crowd sourcing that these projects rely on.
But machines are ever closer to developing a musical ear of their own.</p
This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.




Galactic
Galactic :: 02.07.10 :: Brooklyn, NY by Dino Perrucci
Galactic
Galactic
Eugene Hutz :: 12.19 :: Tel Aviv
Gogol Bordello :: 12.19 :: Tel Aviv
Eugene Hutz :: 12.19 :: Tel Aviv