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Posts Tagged ‘South America’

Brazil and Paraguay in power deal

The signing ceremony in Asuncion, July 25

Brazil has agreed to triple its payments to Paraguay for energy from a massive hydro-electric dam on their border, ending a long-running dispute.

Under the accord, Brazil will pay Paraguay $360m (£220m) a year for energy from the jointly-operated Itaipu plant, one of the biggest in the world.

Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva called it a "historic agreement" after talks in Paraguay.

The deal is a political victory for Paraguayan President Fernando Lugo.

His left-wing government had campaigned on an election promise to gain more revenue from the plant.

Bitter dispute

map

Under the deal, Paraguay has also won the right to sell excess energy directly to the Brazilian market, rather than exclusively through the state-owned power utility Eletrobras.

The joint project was begun in the 1980s when both countries were under military rule.

Paraguay – one of the poorest countries in South America – only uses a 5% share of the electricity produced at the plant and said it was obliged to sell its surplus to Brazil at unfair prices.

The Brazilians argued that they covered most of the cost of constructing the vast project, and that their smaller neighbour had to pay its fair share.

The deal came after months of wrangling between the two sides, but could still face criticism from opposition leaders in Brazil, analysts say.</p


This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Brad Balfour: Take a Trip To MoMa’s Premiere Brazil Film Festival This July

Brazil occupies a special place in the popular imagination. Whether it’s because of the exotic music, the colorful and kinetic fashions, or the enduring mystique…

Mafia police raid iconic Rome cafe

Officers say bar immortalised in Fellini’s cinema masterpiece belongs to ‘Ndrangheta crime syndicate

It was the cafe immortalised in La Dolce Vita, the 1960 Fellini study of the ennui and hedonism of postwar Italian society.

But now the Cafe de Paris in Rome has earned an entirely different reputation after being impounded by police who believe it to be part of a property empire, belonging to the ‘Ndrangheta crime syndicate.

Police seized more than €200m (£173m) of property allegedly owned by the crime ring today , including other cafes and restaurants, businesses and luxury cars, according to Daniele Galimberti, a Rome police official.

Galimberti said the establishment was briefly shut early in the day for a search.

“We wanted to check how much money there was in the cash register and seize the account books,” he said, adding that the authorities had appointed a manager to allow the cafe stay open for the time being. “It’s important to guarantee its activity for all those chefs, waiters and other personnel who are working there,” he said.

Anti-mafia prosecutors say mobsters are snapping up property in high-rent Rome neighbourhoods. In recent years, the ‘Ndrangheta, from the southern Italian region of Calabria, has overtaken the Sicilian mafia to become the most powerful organised crime group in Italy. It dominates the drug trade in Europe, including the trafficking of cocaine from South America.

The Cafe de Paris, which symbolised the glitzy nightlife of the fashionable Via Veneto, was sold in 2005 for €250,000 to a hairdresser from Calabria who, according to police sources, is a suspected member of the Alvaro-Palamara gang.

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Millions witness longest solar eclipse

People across the continent are preparing for a solar eclipse

Scientists, students and nature enthusiasts acrossn Asia were preparing for the longest total solar eclipse of the 21st century so far, while millions planned to shutter themselves indoors, giving in to superstitious myths about the phenomenon.

The eclipse was first sighted at dawn in eastern India near the town of Guahati before moving in a broad swath moving north and east to Nepal, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Bhutan and China.

Visible only in Asia it reached its peak in India at about 6:20 am local time (0050 GMT), and will last 6 minutes and 39 seconds at its maximum point.

It is the longest such eclipse since 11 July 1991, when a total eclipse lasting 6 minutes, 53 seconds was visible from Hawaii to South America. There will not be a longer eclipse than today’s until 2132.

The eclipse was seen for 3 minutes and 48 seconds in the eastern Indian village of Taregna, where scientists say residents would have the clearest view.

Over the past week, this village has been swamped by researchers who will study scientific phenomena ranging from the behaviour of birds and other animals to atmospheric changes affected by the eclipse.

Hotels in Patna were fully booked while taxis raised their rates sensing a brief opportunity in the sudden interest in the village. Scientists set up telescopes and other equipment in Taregna a day in advance to make the most of the window of opportunity provided by the eclipse.

“We are hoping to make some valuable observations on the formation of asteroids around the sun,” Pankaj Bhama, a scientist with India’s Science Popularization Association of Communicators and Educators, said.

A 10-member team of scientists from the Indian Institute of Astrophysics in Bangalore and the Indian air force would be flying and filming the eclipse as it becomes visible in different parts of the country, an air force press release said.

Thousands of people lined up outside a planetarium in Patna yesterday to buy solar viewing goggles. The goggles, costing 30p , are supposed to act as filters and allow people to look at the sun without damaging their eyes.

But millions across India were shunning the sight and planned to stay indoors, gripped by fearful myths.

Across India, even in regions where the eclipse was not visible, pregnant women were advised to stay indoors in curtained rooms over a belief that the sun’s invisible rays would harm the fetus and the baby would be born with disfigurements, birthmarks or a congenital defect.

Krati Jain, a software professional in New Delhi, said she planned to take a day off from work to avoid what she called “any ill effects of the eclipse on my baby.”

“My mother and aunts have called and told me stay in a darkened room with the curtains closed, lie in bed and chant prayers,” said Jain, 24, who is expecting her first child.

In the northern Indian state of Punjab, authorities ordered schools to begin an hour late to prevent children from venturing out and gazing at the sun. Others saw a business opportunity: one travel agency in India scheduled a charter flight to watch the eclipse by air, with seats facing the sun selling at a premium.

Additional police and paramilitary troops were posted around Patna and Taregna after Maoist rebels called for a strike Wednesday to protest increases in the price of gas and other essentials.

The rebels, who say they are inspired by Chinese revolutionary leader Mao Zedong, often target police and government workers.

“Adequate numbers of forces have been deployed at Taregna where top scientists and researchers are gathering to view the celestial wonder,” said R Mallar Vizhi, a senior superintendent of police in Patna.

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Eric Ehrmann: Honduras… The Big Backstory

The White House denounced the action in Honduras as “illegal.” But that call requires Washington to cut off all but humanitarian aid and could jeopardize the big Soto Cano base outside Tegucigalpa.

Fort Knox Five: Album/Tour

Fort Knox Five: Remix Album & Tour


Fort Knox Five

In 2008 Washington, DC breakbeat funksters Fort Knox Five released their debut album Radio Free DC, which USA Today hailed as “One of this year’s most exciting, most eclectic funk albums.” After the release of Radio Free, the African influenced big-band sounding group followed a rigorous touring schedule, which included stops in Australia, New Zealand, United Kingdom, Germany, Greece, Holland, South America, and throughout the USA.

As summer kicks into gear, the Fort Knox Five have released Radio Free DC Remixed. A collection of remixes from up and coming talent including Deekline & Ed Solo, A Skillz, Nick Thayer, The Nextmen, Thomas Blondet, Jon Ohms, Rob Paine, Shimon, Neighbour and Sub Swara among others. These producers deliver 16 primetime, party rocking mixes that cross the genres of hip-hop, breaks, electro, dubstep, disco and dub. Download the remixes at fortknoxrecordings.com.

Fort Knox Five Summer Dates:

07/17/09 Fri Indian Lookout Country Club Mariaville, NY

07/24/09 Fri Hush Nightclub Victoria, BC

07/25/09 Sat Bass Coast Project Squamish, BC

08/01/09 Sat Hi Fi Club Calgary, AB

08/02/09 Sun Hoodoo Lounge Banff, AB

08/07/09 Fri Shambhala Music Festival Salmo, BC

08/08/09 Sat Shambhala Music Festival Salmo, BC

08/15/09 Sat Camp Zoe Salem, MO

09/25/09 Fri Earthdance (Black Oak Ranch)


Giant squid terrorise California coast

Divers spooked by tales of assaults as swarms of aggressive jumbo flying squid invade the shallows off San Diego

Jumbo flying squid have invaded the shallow waters off San Diego, California, spooking scuba divers and beachgoers after washing up dead on the beaches.

The carnivorous cephalopods, which weigh up to 45kg (100lb), came up from the depths last week, with swarms of them roughing up unsuspecting divers. Some reported tentacles enveloping their masks and yanking at their cameras and gear.

Stories of close encounters with the squid have chased many divers out of the water and created a whirlwind of excitement among those torn between their personal safety and the once-in-a-lifetime chance to swim with the deep-sea giants.

The so-called Humboldt squid, named after the current in the eastern Pacific, have been known to attack humans and are nicknamed “red devils” for their rust-red colouring and mean streak. Divers wanting to observe the creatures often bait the water, use a metal viewing cage or wear chainmail to avoid being lashed by the creature’s tentacles.

The squid, which is most commonly found in deep water from California to the bottom of south America, hunts in schools of up to 1,200 individuals, can swim up to 15 mph and can skim over the water to escape predators.

“I wouldn’t go into the water with them for the same reason I wouldn’t walk into a pride of lions on the Serengeti,” said Mike Bear, a local diver. “For all I know, I’m missing the experience of a lifetime.”

The squid are too deep to bother swimmers and surfers, but many experienced divers say they are staying out of the surf until the sea creatures move on.

Roger Uzun, a veteran scuba diver and amateur underwater videographer, swam with a swarm of the creatures for about 20 minutes and said they appeared more curious than aggressive. The animals taste with their tentacles, he said, and seemed to be touching him and his wet suit to determine if he was edible.

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Brazil anger over toxic UK waste

By Gary Duffy
BBC News, Sao Paulo

Brazil map

Brazilian police are investigating after 64 containers with more than 1,400 tonnes of hazardous UK waste were found in three of the country’s ports.

The authorities say that among the material which was brought in illegally they discovered batteries, syringes, condoms and nappies.

Since the initial discovery, another 25 containers with hospital waste were found, also apparently from England.

In a statement the British Embassy in Brazil promised "immediate steps".

It said the UK was completely opposed to any kind of illegal trade in waste.

Dumping ground

The discovery of the containers has caused widespread anger and comment here with one official saying Brazil was not prepared to be "the world’s rubbish bin".

The finds were made in the port of Santos near to Sao Paulo and two other ports in the southern state of Rio Grande do Sul.

The authorities say they fear it may represent an attempt to use South America’s largest country as a dumping ground for hazardous waste in the way that has happened in other parts of the world, including Africa.

Among the material found in the containers were batteries, syringes, leftover food, condoms and nappies.

Public resentment over the issue increased when it was revealed that inside one of the containers was a collection of dirty toys with a note in Portuguese saying they should be washed before being given to "poor Brazilian children".

After a further investigation more containers were found in which there is said to be hospital waste including bags full of blood.

Five companies have already been fined in Brazil but lawyers for the importers say they were deceived and believed they were being sent plastic for recycling.

The authorities in Brazil are investigating the possible involvement of two UK companies, and the British Embassy says that, where there has been any breach in the strict international controls on the export of waste, the government will not hesitate to take action.</p


This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Tate Liverpool honours Picasso

Picasso’s cold war career as a highly political painter, peace campaigner and tireless fundraiser for leftwing causes will be revealed in an exhibition at Tate Liverpool next spring that will include letters from world leaders, including Nelson Mandela and Ho Chi Minh, as well as a telegram from Fidel Castro congratulating the artist on being awarded the Soviet Union’s international peace prize.

Christoph Grunenberg, the gallery’s director, said the exhibition would explode the myth that Picasso was “a playboy extrovert … more concerned with chasing women than world politics”.

Picasso himself said: “I have not painted the war because I am not the kind of painter who goes out like a photographer for something to depict. But I have no doubt war is in these paintings.”

The exhibition begins in 1944, the year he joined the French communist party. He remained a member until his death in 1973, and Lynda Morris, the curator, said the legend that he was the party’s largest individual donor is probably true.

He rarely gave money, but gave innumerable works to be reproduced as fund raising calendars, Christmas cards, silk scarves or limited edition prints, so many that the Communist journal l’Humanité had a full time staff member working with him on producing them.

She found dozens of boxes of political correspondence in the archives of the Picasso Museum in Paris, showing that he was in constant touch with peace groups, refugee aid schemes and women’s groups, in Europe, north and south America, and Israel. He also supported hospitals and homes in France sheltering refugees from the Spanish civil war.

The exhibition opens with a painting last seen in Britain half a century ago, the 1944 Charnel House, with echoes of his famous Guernica, inspired by the first horrific images from the liberated concentration camps, and newspaper accounts of a Spanish Republic family killed while sheltering in their kitchen.

It will include several versions of his dove drawings, originally modelled on the fan tailed pigeons given him as a present by the painter Henri Matisse.

His doves became symbols recognised across the world of the peace movement, after one was chosen as the emblem of the first international peace congress in Paris in 1949 – the same month he named his daughter Paloma, the Spanish for dove. He produced new versions of the design for posters for each of the later peace congresses including the Sheffield gathering, planned at the height of the Korean war, when Picasso himself was held by immigration for several hours, and which was abandoned after the Labour government of the day refused entry to hundreds of delegates including the American singer Paul Robeson, and the writers Pablo Neruda, and Louis Aragon.

The exhibition will not be seen in London, and builds on the success of the Liverpool gallery’s success with its major Gustav Klimt show, one of the hits of last year’s European Capital of Culture. Lynda Morris said it never occurred to her to approach a gallery in the south – the radical tradition of the north made it the right place for the show.

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Man Utd move for ‘new Ronaldinho’

• Ferguson targets 18-year-old tipped as ‘new Ronaldinho’
• United offer financial package of £7m plus add-ons

Manchester United have re-established formal contact with the Brazilian club Gremio about trying to reach a compromise over a fee for Douglas Costa, the talented 18-year-old who has been hailed as “the new Ronaldinho” in his country.

Sir Alex Ferguson, the United manager, rates Costa as the brightest young talent currently playing in South America but the Premier League champions could not convince Gremio to allow him out on loan when negotiations began earlier this summer and believe the deal can happen only if the Porto Alegre club drastically lower their valuation.

Gremio have severe financial issues and are acutely aware that selling their most prized young asset could be the answer to those problems. With that in mind, they have informed prospective buyers they want £21m. United regard that as excessive for a player who has not yet played 20 senior games but they are hoping Gremio’s position is negotiable and have put together a financial package, with an initial outlay of £7m, plus a series of success-related add-ons if the player lives up to the promise that has brought him to the attention of Ferguson via John Calvert-Toulmin, the club’s principal scout in Brazil.

The transfer hinges on whether a compromise can be agreed and United are hoping the influential deal-maker Chris Nathaniel can help to convince Gremio that they risk getting nothing at all if they continue to play hardball. Nathaniel, whose extensive list of clients includes Rio Ferdinand and Robinho, is prominently involved with Costa and has spent the last few days in Brazil, in the process holding extensive talks with Gremio’s hierarchy.

• United striker Macheda robbed in his home
• The Rumour Mill: All the latest transfer gossip
• Terry in Chelsea talks as Man City prepare bid

Manchester City are also aware of Costa’s burgeoning reputation but they, too, regard Gremio’s demands as exorbitant and would rather pay significant transfer fees for established players. United’s policy is different, targeting players below the age of 25 if large sums are involved, and Costa fits into their transfer strategy as a young, talented footballer whose value should feasibly go up in future years, just as happened with Cristiano Ronaldo, who was 18 when he signed from Sporting Lisbon.

Costa, a Brazil under-20 international, has other admirers in Spain and Italy but has indicated he would like to move to England and become United’s fourth signing of their summer, following Luis Antonio Valencia, Michael Owen and Gabriel Obertan to Old Trafford.

Carlos Alberto, Brazil’s outspoken World Cup-winning captain in 1970, recently accused United of “raping Brazilian football” and urged Fifa to intervene to prevent the country’s best young players from being lured away by Europe’s leading clubs.

United, however, are proud of their expansive operation in South America, having plucked three Brazilian players – Rafael and Fabio da Silva plus Rodrigo Possebon – from relative obscurity in the past two years.

Costa, who joined Gremio at the age of 11 and is contracted to the club until February 2013, helped Brazil to victory in the South American Youth Championship in January and February, scoring three goals in the process, but United’s interest in the player dates back more than a year before that. Gremio is the club where Ronaldinho made his breakthrough and Costa has obvious similarities in terms of his ability to run with the ball and beat opponents from his favoured role between midfield and attack, as well as being a free-kick specialist.

Any deal would be dependent on the player receiving a work permit but United have never had significant problems obtaining the necessary paperwork in the past.

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Guinea on alert for ‘attack plot’

Captain Moussa Dadis Camara (left) talking to General Mamadou Bah Toto Camara

The military government of Guinea says it has put the army on high alert at all border posts after uncovering plans for an attack on the country.

The West African state said armed men were gathering on the borders with Guinea-Bissau and Senegal to the north and Liberia to the south.

An announcement on state-run national radio said drugs cartels were believed to be behind the plans.

Guinea is a key transit point for drugs en route from the Americas to Europe.

When the junta led by Captain Moussa Camara seized power some seven months ago, it made the fight against drugs one of its key priorities.

Several leading suspects have been arrested and are awaiting trial, but the regime must have made powerful enemies in the process, correspondents say.

Map showing Guinea

The BBC’s Alhassan Sillah in the capital, Conakry, says the announcement of the national alert caught most people off guard and many have reacted with trepidation.

The statement, carried on state radio said "well informed sources" had indicated that the attackers were on the payroll of drug cartels.

"The ministry of defence was informed by the security services and other credible sources of the preparation of an armed attack on Guinea from its borders with Guinea-Bissau and the region of Casamance [in Senegal]," it said.

"These sources have also indicated that there are armed men regrouping on the border with Guinea Bissau to the north and the town of Foya to the south on the border with Liberia."

Election pressure

The statement comes as the military government faces increasing pressure from both local political and civil society groups and the international community for it to hold elections.

Captain Camara has said he will stand down after free and fair elections, which he says will take place by the end of 2010.

The African Union suspended Guinea after the coup, which followed the death of long-standing President Lansana Conte. Many Guineans welcomed the coup, seeing it as bringing an end to years of misrule.

Guinea has more than a third of the world’s bauxite reserves, and also has large reserves of gold, diamonds, iron and nickel.

COCAINE TRAFFICKING ROUTES INTO EUROPE VIA WEST AFRICA

  • 1. Most of the world’s supply of cocaine comes from South America. Venezuela is one of the main departure points for illicit drug consignments leaving the region. Drugs are flown or shipped to West Africa in shipping containers, small boats, or private and commercial aircraft

  • 2. West Africa has become a major hub for smuggling South American cocaine into Europe as British and American anti-drug efforts have curtailed the use of traditional smuggling routes

  • 3. In West Africa the drugs are stockpiled and prepared for transport into Europe by South American, European and local drugs gangs
  • 4. The drugs are smuggled to Europe by shipping container, overland, airfreight or on commercial passenger flights using "mules" via West and East Africa.
  • The countries shown are identified in the INCB report. Routes shown are general indications of illicit drug routes. They are not intended to show exact routes.

Source: INCB, Interpol
Map showing smuggling routes from South America to Europe via West and East Africa

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This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

New heights

By Nikki Jecks
BBC World Service

Ten years after she was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS), Lori Schneider decided she wanted to scale the highest peak on every continent.

She achieved this last month by making it to the summit of the world’s most famous mountain, Mount Everest.

Climbing Mt Everest is a challenge for anyone – even if they are young and in the peak of health – but the 53-year-old from Wisconsin is the first person with MS ever to reach the summit.

Ms Schneider, an avid climber, first dreamed of climbing Everest 16 years ago.

But a diagnosis of MS in 1999 was a blow for the former school teacher.

When she first got the news, her initial reaction was to run, rather than climb.

"I ran away, I was fearful of what I thought I was losing in my life," she said.

"I didn’t want people feeling sorry for me. I was doing plenty of that for myself at that point, I was feeling like my physical life was over."

Diagnosis

Ms Schneider first noticed something was wrong when she woke up one morning with numbness in the leg and arm on one side of her body.

"I think the real hardship on Everest is maintaining a positive attitude for two months"

Lori Schneider

Lori Schneider on Everest

The condition progressed to the side of her face, and eventually both sides of her body.

Doctors initial thought she might have had a stroke or be suffering from brain cancer.

It took several months before she was correctly diagnosed.

After overcoming her initial fear and panic, she says the diagnosis actually empowered her to reach for her dreams.

"For 20 years I taught children: ‘Don’t be afraid, take a chance, try’, and when I was doing these climbs trying to climb the highest peak on each continent, I thought I’ll do them all but Everest, because that’s too hard for me."

"When I got diagnosed I thought: ‘Just don’t be afraid to try, do the things in your life that maybe you dreamed about’."

Her aspiration has not been without its costs. Following her dreams meant leaving behind a 20-year teaching career and a 22-year marriage.

Three years ago she climbed the highest peak in North America – Mount McKinley (also known by its native American name of Denali) in Alaska.

For those in the mountaineering know, it is considered the coldest mountain in the world with temperatures overnight capable of dropping to -50C.

After Everest, Asia’s highest peak, and Aconcagua, South America’s highest peak, it is the third highest of the so-called "Seven Summits".

After coming back down she started to loose some of her vision, another symptom of MS. But that did not deter her.

To climb Everest, the cost was financial, rather than physical – she used all her savings, sold her home and took out a loan.

"I’ve been very, very fortunate the last several years. My MS has been pretty stable and quiet in my system," she said.

"I think the real hardship on Everest is maintaining a positive attitude for two months."

The summit

Climbers of Everest face some of the most treacherous conditions imaginable; along with battling hypothermia, there is also altitude sickness, physical exhaustion, and the isolation of being up the mountain for so long.

The Seven Summits

  • Asia – Everest, 8848m
  • South America – Aconcagua, 6959m
  • North America – McKinley, 6194m
  • Africa – Kilimanjaro, 5895m
  • Europe – Elbrus, 5642m
  • Antarctica – Mt Vinson, 4897m
  • Australasia – Carstensz Pyramid, 4884m

Mt Everest

But with the help of letters and photos of friends, family and supporters, she kept herself positive and after more than eight weeks, fighting through a blizzard, she made it to the top.

In achieving her goal, she has joined some of the world’s most accomplished climbers and bested many others.

"It was very surreal, you couldn’t see anything [because of the blizzard], so I couldn’t see the beauty that surrounded me."

"We had to rush down so fast, but I did get a chance to give my father a call and yell: ‘I made it, I made it’."

"It wasn’t until the next morning when I woke up in my tent after climbing for 17 hours the day before, and then all of the sudden I thought: ‘Oh my gosh, I just climbed Mt Everest yesterday!’."

But she says making it to the summit is just a bonus.

The real achievement, she says, is that in coming to terms with MS and the possibility that she may one day loose her mobility, she has been able to face down her fears.

"Who you are inside… that’s what’s important. That will always be there," she said.

"Whether my legs carry me up a mountain or not, I’m still who I am deep inside." </p


This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

US deports ‘minister for cocaine’

Former military despot faces 30 years in prison for crimes including genocide and political assassinations

In his pomp he was known as the “minister for cocaine”, a corrupt and ruthless military despot who collaborated with drug cartels and terrorised Bolivia.

Luis Arce-Gómez, interior minister in the Andean nation’s 1980-81 dictatorship, made an infamous warning to foes to “walk around with their wills under their arms”.

But when the former burly colonel returned home yesterday he was a shrivelled, white-haired figure too feeble to even walk into the prison where he is expected to end his days.
The United States has deported the 71-year-old to face justice in Bolivia after he spent almost 20 years in a Florida prison for drug trafficking.

Arce-Gómez, who once recruited the Nazi Klaus Barbie as an adviser, faces 30 years in La Paz’s Chonchocoro prison for at least eight crimes including genocide and political assassinations.

President Evo Morales thanked the US for deporting a figure whose name once inspired dread among leftists, trade unionists and journalists. “It is a historic day for human rights.”

FBI agents escorted Arce-Gómez on the flight from Miami to La Paz where upon arrival he was given oxygen to adjust to the 3,800-meter altitude, covered in a blanket and wooly hat and ferried past astonished onlookers in a wheelchair to a waiting ambulance and convoy of police vehicles.

It was an ignominious homecoming for a man who once typified the hubris and viciousness of South America’s right wing military regimes.

Arce-Gómez was an ambitious army officer when the 1980 “cocaine coup” financed by drug traffickers brought his ally General Luis García Meza to power.

Appointed interior minister, he wasted no time arresting, torturing and murdering the regime’s real or imagined foes. Records show at least 93 dead, 26 disappeared and 4,000 detained, many of them leftists and union leaders. Barbie, the “butcher of Lyon” who fled to Bolivia after the second world war, gave tips on repression.

According to the US federal indictment, Arce-Gómez turned his impoverished Andean nation into a narco-state by giving drug cartels free rein to produce and ship cocaine in return for large payments. He reportedly charged up to $75,000 every two weeks.

Traffickers who balked had their drugs seized and had to pay even higher sums to retrieve them from government vaults.

After just 13 months the dictatorship collapsed in 1981 and Arce-Gómez fled. He was captured in 1989 and extradited to the US where he was sentenced to a two-decade stretch for drug trafficking.

Upon completing his sentence a US court rejected Arce-Gómez’s asylum request and ruled he should be returned to Bolivia where he was convicted in absentia in 1993 for genocide and human rights violations. He faces 30 years without parole.

It is hoped that Arce-Gómez will identify the location of the remains of his disappeared victims, including Marcelo Quiroga, a prominent politician and human rights advocate.

Awaiting him in Chonchocoro prison was his former boss, General Meza, 79, who was caught in Brazil in 1994 and is serving a 30-year sentence.

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Now you’re talking …

Want to speak like a native but don’t fancy spending your entire trip in a classroom? These holidays combine lessons with activities and the chance to hang out with locals

French

Surfing: Biarritz

If only school could have been this relaxed. At a solar-powered surf camp in a 300-year-old farmhouse close to Les Casernes beach, near Biarritz, language lessons take the form of informal two-hour chats over beers in the afternoons. Mornings are spent riding the waves, and five days of surf lessons (for 1½ hours per day) are included. The camp has plenty of places for practising tenses in your free time – in the garden, hydro-pool, hammam, tree hut, canoe or hammock. Suitable for beginners and improvers.

• A week costs £606pp, including surfboard and wetsuit hire. 08445 020 445, golearnto.com.

Outdoor adventure: Verdon

Perhaps you’re more likely to remember new words if you learn them while scared out of your wits. A French immersion course in Moustiers, in the Parc Naturel Regional du Verdon, includes morning lessons (beginner to advanced available) in a converted hilltop monastery, plus afternoon exploration of the river Verdon by canoe, treks into the Garrigue with a forest guard, games of pétanque in the village square, dances at a bal populaire or viewings of French films, all accompanied by teachers to ensure French is spoken throughout. At the weekend, the adventuring ratchets up a gear with canyoning, rafting, kayaking and abseiling where no doubt you will learn the French for “Help!” and perfect your pronunciation of merde

• Course €1,670pp for 14 days, accommodation €458 per week, 0121 430 7660, experiencelanguage.co.uk.

Wine: Bordeaux

Many people’s language priority is being able to order food and drink. But imagine how impressive you’ll sound when you can not only stammer out “Un verre de vin, s’il vous plaît”, but are also capable of ordering a fine Bordeaux, commenting on its complexity of flavour and describing the time you visited the very vineyard where it was created. This seven-day French and Bordeaux wine course will set you well on the way to talking about terroir like a native, with four 45-minute sessions of French a day (there’s a test on day one to establish your level), three afternoon sessions on Bordeaux wines, including tastings at l’Ecole du Bordeaux, and excursions to Saint-Emilion and Médoc vineyards.

• Courses start 20 July, 17 August, 14 September, 12 October, £705pp. Homestay accommodation from £170 per week, flight from £115pp return. 0871 230 8512, statravel.co.uk.

Spanish

Walk the talk: Pyrenees

“When we visit my neighbour Hilaria’s vegetable garden, if you pick tomatoes, you’ll learn how to talk about them,” says Georgina Howard, who runs the Pyrenean Experience, a language course in the Baztan valley that teaches Spanish by living Spanish. Language tutors are always on hand to help guests in conversation practise while they ramble through the Pyrenean mountains, meet local farmers, visit bars and hamlets, have lunch with the neighbours or host parties at the seven-bedroom farmhouse, and generally live the Basque life. There are more formal morning lessons on a terrace, and weeks for beginners, intermediate and advanced speakers are run separately.

• Full board £850pp per week, 0121 711 3428, pyreneanexperience.com.

Surfing: Tenerife

Insted runs language courses in Austria, Spain and France that are combined with skiing or surfing. Its Tenerife course runs year-round from a central base in Puerto de la Cruz, a thriving town with busy bars and restaurants serving Latin American and African-influenced dishes. Minutes away from the classroom are the beaches, where the breaks have earned the Canaries the title “Hawaii of the Atlantic”. Accommodation is with a local family, or in an apartment sharing with other students from the course.

• Homestay with family from €165pp per week B&B in private room, €200 half board. Apartment from €165pp for private room. Two week minimum, €220 per week for the course. 00 33 450 530 366, insted.com.

Tango: Buenos Aires

“Bailamos?” is Spanish for “Shall we dance?” – as those returning from this trip will know. In the historic centre of Argentina’s capital, near the bohemian San Telmo district, pupils take a daily four-hour classroom lesson of Spanish, and Argentinian and Spanish culture, politics and history in groups of up to seven. Afterwards they don their dancing shoes to learn one of the world’s sexiest dances at a nearby milonga, or tango hall.

• Six nights including homestay with from £467pp, tango classes £4 per hour. Hotel accommodation available. Journey Latin America (020 8747 8315, journeylatinamerica.co.uk).

Portuguese

Capoeira: Brazil

Practise whirling your limbs to the moves of capoeira while learning to twirl your tongue around the Portuguese language on a two-week course combining the two in Salvador. Classes of eight study beginners’ Portuguese for 20 hours a week, then concentrate on the acrobatic Brazilian dance/martial art twice a week; both take place in a language centre. A samba lesson and cookery class are also included, and homestay accommodation is available so that you can practise over dinner (the language, not capoeira).

• Course £285 pp for 14 days, homestay accommodation from £89 per room per week. 08445 020 445, golearnto.com.

Italian

Food and cookery: Tuscany

For an indulgent foodie break with a side serving of language lessons, Sanctuary Villas puts up large groups of friends or two families in a luxurious converted farmhouse villa with an outdoor pool, sauna, steam room and Jacuzzi, near the medieval village of San Gimignano. The company can arrange extras including cookery classes with local chef Giuseppina and language lessons, taken in your villa, the garden which overlooks rolling, cypress-lined Chianti hills or wherever you prefer. Villa La Terme consists of two large houses, together sleeping 10 plus two children.

• From £5,824 per week (£69 pp per night) accommodation only, language lessons from £41 pp per hour with Sanctuary Villas (01242 547 902, sanctuary-villas.com).

Photography and cycling: Umbria

Northern Umbria is a very untouristy part of Italy, a bonus for language learners as locals are unlikely to revert to English when you chat, and because they have more time to do so. Guests at the Labbazia school in the Upper Tiber Valley will meet plenty of them on trips to local markets and bars in the nearby medieval villages, where they’ll put into practise all they learned that day in class (three levels available). There’s usually some sort of local pageant, dance or festival to attend, and many other activities are arranged on demand, from photography classes to tai chi, cycling or horse-riding.

• From €1,050pp per week, full-board at the agriturismo where lessons are held, including 20 x 45min lessons, transfers from Perugia and guided trips. 00 39 075 857 3004, labbaziaschool.com.

Greek

Beach and culture: Syros

On this two-week course at the OMILO centre on the Cycladic island of Syros, there are classes at the Pension Echo in Azolimnos (which is also one of the self-catering accommodation options) from 9.30am to 1.30pm each day. Then it’s time to hit the beaches right by the centre for swimming and sunbathing, before moving a short distance to the village’s lively tavernas. Excursions such as Greek dance lessons, museum visits, guided walks and local concerts are included and everyone goes along to a sociable first night meal. The island’s capital, Ermoupolis, an affluent harbour of neo-classical buildings, mansions, marble-paved streets and white houses, is 4km away.

• Catch a ferry from Athens. Next dates September, €590 for two weeks. Rooms from €35 per night. 00 30 210 612 2896, omilo.com.

German

Watersports: Bavaria

Lindau is a beautiful town on its own island in the eastern side of Lake Constance, with a historic medieval centre and pretty harbour. It’s a great base for learning German – after classes, pupils cool off by sailing and waterskiing on the lake, cycle around it or go on excursions to Meersburg, Salem Castle and Liechtenstein.

The Dialoge language school provides 20-25 lessons per week, and has a sports hall for basketball, volleyball and football games. Social evenings with barbecues, wine tastings and the cinema are arranged too.

• From €490 per week including accommodation with a host family or the school’s apartments, €330 without. 0808 234 8578, studytravel.com.

Arabic

Interaction: Cairo

Pupils of the Bridge Abroad programme will learn the Egyptian dialect (one of the easiest to pick up) as well as classical Arabic on a week’s beginners’ course in Cairo. The focus is on learning through interaction with some of the city’s 14.5million residents, after daily lessons in a school 15 minutes from the centre. Afternoons are spent among the throng, picking up more vocabulary in the souks, cafes and squares, and at lectures, concerts, cinemas and the famous sites.

• Three weeks (minimum) including accommodation costs from $878pp, $399 without accommodation, or from $711 per week private tuition, from $855 with accommodation. 0808 120 7613, bridgeabroad.com.

Japanese

Cooking and karaoke: Tokyo

Nowhere gives a culture shock like Japan, so throwing yourself into the local way of life is as important as learning the lingo if you are to have a hope of ever fitting in. Alongside a beginners’ course that also covers Japanese culture in a centrally-located school, pupils can take workshops on calligraphy, tea ceremonies, noodle cooking, judo and karate, and interact with native Japanese speakers on nights out bowling, to quizzes and, of course, singing karaoke.

• From $2900 for two weeks including accommodation with a host family, in student dorms or apartments with World Link Education (0046 5580 3720, wle-japan.com).

Mandarin

Live-in learning: Beijing

Moving in with your teacher would have been an abhorrent notion when you were a teenager, but now it could be the best way to develop your language skills. Instead of trawling through a textbook twice a day, you can chat to your tutors from breakfast to bedtime while staying in their home on Go Learn To’s “home language courses”. These suit all levels and give the option of staying with your teachers, couples and families around Beijing as well as informal tuition. Guests get a set of keys and are free to come and go as they please, but are usually invited to join in with their teacher’s life, to meet relatives and friends, go shopping and explore the nightlife.

• Seven days from £864pp per week full board, 08445 020 445, golearnto.com.

Russian

Culture: St Petersburg

Russia is one place where you’re unlikely to pick up much of the language without some serious tuition. A course that includes 20 lessons per week in St Petersburg is a good place to start. After class, it’s time to absorb the city’s rich culture at its many sites.

Bi-weekly group activities include visits to the theatre and ballet and to other places such as the riverside city of Novgorod. Go in the summer and you can join in many vercherinkas – small parties with caviar, vodka and Russian folk songs. Beginners’ and advanced courses are available, but everyone is asked to learn the Cyrillic alphabet before arriving.

• Two weeks from $2,170pp all inclusive, but excluding flights, languagesabroad.com.

• Don’t miss our free phrasebooks every day next week, plus Italian the week after

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