The uses and abuses of a ten-yearly ritual, as the census is held in America
EVERY ten years, says the constitution, America’s government must count every person living in the United States. For a country of more than 300m, this is an immense logistical feat: the Census Bureau mailed out or hand-delivered about 134m questionnaires for census day on April 1st. The census is also almost always controversial. Little wonder, given the three ways in which the results help to shape the distribution of political and economic power.
As after every census, the population changes tallied will, first, alter the state-by-state apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives and therefore the electoral college, the body that picks the president after elections. According to the non-profit Population Reference Bureau, the southern and western states will do well; Texas is likely to gain three seats, with Arizona, Florida, Georgia and Utah each gaining one. The losers (one seat each) are likely to be Iowa, Louisiana (thanks to Hurricane Katrina), Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Ohio and Pennsylvania. …