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Posts Tagged ‘Vegetarianism’

My veggie heaven

From truffle framboise vinaigrette to fennel pollen – meat-free recipes can be a gourmet’s dream, if you know where to look for them, says Laura Barton

In the early years the menus were always a little grim: wan-looking mushroom stroganoff, mushy beanburgers, Quorn fillets and chilli-non-carne. With time came endless rolls of spinach and ricotta cannelloni and the almost tyrannical reign of wild mushroom risotto. When I stopped eating meat, nearly 15 years ago, vegetarian cuisine was frequently like this — stodgy, generally overly-smitten with dairy and pasta, and always apologetic, somehow, for the glaring absence of beef. 

Times have changed, of course, and today vegetarian food is generally more adventurous and widely available. But still it strikes me that if we want to encourage more people to eat vegetarian — and the news this month that vegetarians are less likely to develop cancer than meat-eaters would surely suggest it – we have to change the way we see vegetarian food; rather than being a miserable, bland and meatless world, it can be delicious, complex, and exciting. 

Four years ago, my own approach to vegetarian cooking was transformed after a visit to Fresh, a small chain of restaurants in Toronto that specialises in predominantly vegan food (stop wrinkling your noses there at the back). It was organic, sustainable, and perhaps most importantly, a-wriggle with flavour and texture. There were salads made with shredded carrot, white radishes called daikon, yellow beets and napa cabbage in a lime-peanut dressing. There was coconut tempeh (a solid, protein-rich ingredient made with whole, fermented soya beans, which tastes three million times better than it sounds) and black bean tostadas. And more than anything, there were the restaurant’s signature rice-bowls: brown basmati rice with a choice of toppings — the ninja, for instance, which offered salad greens, wasabi dill dressing, crispy tofu cubes, sun-dried tomatoes, sunflower sprouts and spicy ginger-tamari dressing. Smitten, I bought the restaurant’s cookbook, Fresh at Home. 

Though some of the recipes, such as the coconut curry and the golden dhal, are ludicrously easy and quick to prepare, others involve a little more of your time. One of my favourites, the sunflower rice bowl involves pre-preparing “Simple sauce” (one of the cookbook’s staples which you can make in larger quantities and store in the fridge), creamy sunflower dressing and marinating tofu steaks. The extra effort is rewarded with a dish that is richly-flavoured, variously-textured and truly joyous.

Some months later, having familiarised myself with the Fresh book, I was eager to try some other adventurous recipes, and after a little investigation chanced upon a website named VeganYumYum. It’s written by Lolo Ulm, a young Boston woman who falls asleep dreaming of recipes (miniature aubergine napoleons, which involve artfully stacked roast veg bound together with delicious aubergine “creme”, were a particular drowsy triumph). She has appeared on the Martha Stewart Show and won Food Blog of the Year in the 2007 Bloggers Choice Awards.

Like Fresh, VeganYumYum displays a passion for flavour, and many of the featured recipes are a result of trial, error and experimentation: marinating tofu in home-made marmalade for instance, making cookies with avocado and lime, or wondering what to do with fiddlehead ferns (the unfurling spring fronds of the ostrich fern) for the few weeks they are in season. 

One of the first recipes I tried from the site was the spaghetti squash, shitake, rocket and pistachio spring rolls. “I had a crazy idea for spring rolls, and here they are,” was how Ulm announced the recipe. “They were very light, and went really well with a lime & chili oil dipping sauce that I made up. “

Another of VeganYumYum’s triumphs is that it dispels the notion that vegetarian and vegan cuisine is austere or restrictive; this food is gutsy and gorgeous and occasionally gluttonous — the site boasts a particularly excellent selection of recipes for sweet treats such as blood orange and coconut mini bundt cakes, ground cherry pies and mojito cupcakes.

I was, by this stage, a little obsessed with finding new and interesting ways to cook without meat, and as last year’s festival season approached I began to feel a tad worried that I might face a summer of little more than veggie burgers and half-arsed Thai curry. Happily on the first day of Glastonbury I found a branch of a London cafe named Dragonfly Wholefoods, which I credit with keeping me alive and healthy for the duration of the festival. The menu specialised in raw vegan food — vegetable noodles made from marinated slivers of carrot and cucumber, raw onion seed bread and raw pizza, flax fire crackers and walnut and thyme cutlets. While I had no desire to make my diet completely raw, it did excite me that here was a whole thrilling new world of flavour and recipes to explore, and, as I lay awake in my tent at night, I began to wonder whether having a dehydrator (which preserves food without cooking it) in my kitchen would be any more bonkers than someone having a microwave.

In New York last year, a friend directed me to a raw vegan restaurant named Pure Food and Wine, set up by two chefs, Matthew Kenney and Sarma Melngailis, who had both previously been dedicated meat-eaters. Here I ate a salad of lamb’s lettuce, summer berries, and fennel with truffle framboise vinaigrette, aged cashew cheese cured with dill and fennel pollens and toasted pine nuts, followed by white corn tamales with raw cacao mole, marinated mushrooms, salsa verde and avocado, and with it, a plum-sake cocktail. It remains one of the best meals I have eaten, and, of course, I brought home their cookbook.

It’s feasible that at this moment you’re thinking I sound a little nuts, that you’re gagging at the notion of kale soup and nut-milk, turnip carpaccio and noodles made from raw coconut, but the last four years have been for me an epicurean delight, a chance to explore flavours and textures and senses, to take a grand adventure in the world beyond mushroom stroganoff •

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Vegetarians ‘less likely to get cancer’

• Striking difference found in risk of disease in blood
• Scientists acknowledge more research still needed

For years, they have boasted of the health benefits of their leafy diets, but now vegetarians have the proof that has so far eluded them: when it comes to cancer risks, they have the edge on carnivores.

Fresh evidence from the largest study to date to investigate dietary habits and cancer has concluded that vegetarians are 45% less likely to develop cancer of the blood than meat eaters and are 12% less likely to develop cancer overall.

Scientists said that while links between stomach cancer and eating meat had already been reported, they had uncovered a “striking difference” in the risk of blood cancers including leukaemia, multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma between the groups. The study looked at vegetarians, fish eaters and people who ate meat.

Co-author Naomi Allen, from the Cancer Research UK epidemiology unit at Oxford University, said: “Previous research has found that processed meat may increase the risk of stomach cancer, so our findings that vegetarians and fish eaters are at lower risk is plausible. But we do not know why cancer of the blood is lower in vegetarians.”

She said the differences in cancer risks were independent of other lifestyle factors including smoking, alcohol intake and obesity.

However, Allen urged caution over the interpretation of the findings. “It is a significant difference, but we should be a bit cautious since it is the first study showing that the risk of cancer of the blood is lower in vegetarians. We need to know what aspect of a fish and vegetarian diet is protecting against cancer. Is it the higher fibre intake, higher intake of fruit and vegetables, is it just meat per se?”

The study also reported that the total cancer incidence was significantly lower among both the fish eaters and the vegetarians compared with meat eaters.

The study, published in the British Journal of Cancer, is part of a long-term international study, the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (Epic).

Today’s findings were based on a study of 61,000 people who scientists followed over 12 years. During this time, 3,350 participants were diagnosed with cancer. Of those, 68% (2,204) were meat eaters, 24% (800) were vegetarians and 9.5% (300) ate fish but no meat.

They found that 180 meat eaters developed blood cancers, while 49 vegetarians developed the diseases and 28 fish eaters. They found the risk of being diagnosed with cancers of the stomach, bladder and blood was significantly lower in vegetarians than in meat eaters but, in contrast to earlier work, they found the rate of bowel cancer was slightly higher among vegetarians than meat eaters.

A spokesman for BPEX, the British pig executive, questioned the methodology of the study: “We are unable to take a view on this because there is mixed evidence based on the compounding factors to do with lifestyle that come into it.”

Richard Lowe, the chief executive of Eblex, the English beef and lamb executive, said: “We think that the link between diet and cancer is complex and as scientists themselves say, more research is needed to see how big a part diet plays.”

The Oxford research is the latest in a series of reports to discourage too much meat in the diet. Last year, Dr Rajendra Pachauri, chair of the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change – which last year earned a share of the Nobel peace prize – urged giving up meat at least once a week as a way of combating global warming. The UN’s Food and Agriculture Organisation has estimated that meat production accounts for nearly a fifth of global greenhouse gas emissions.

Two years ago, the World Cancer Research Fund found a link between red and processed meat and bowel cancer and recommended that the average amount of meat eaten should be no more than 300g a week. In Britain, the current meat intake is about 970g a week for men and about 550g a week for women.

In 2005, the Epic study, funded by the Medical Research Council, Cancer Research UK and the International Agency for Research on Cancer, concluded that eating just two portions of red meat a day – the equivalent of a bacon sandwich and a fillet steak – increased the risk of bowel cancer by 35%. It found that eating fibre, in the form of vegetables, fruit and wholegrain cereals, lessened the risk of cancer and that fish, eaten at least every other day, was also protective.

Annette Pinner, chief executive of the Vegetarian Society, said: “It is widely recognised that a third of cancers are directly related to diet and what’s interesting in this study is the findings on blood cancers. We wouldn’t claim vegetarianism is a panacea for cancer but it is a step in the right direction.”

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